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A campaign marked by Donald J. Trump’s apocalyptic extremes has turned even darker in its final days.
With voting already underway in battleground states, the former president on Friday escalated his threats to prosecute and imprison a wide range of people involved in elections and politics. Hours later, on the hugely popular “The Joe Rogan Experience” podcast, he said that the “enemy within,” a phrase he has used to describe political opponents, poses a bigger threat to the nation than North Korea.
For eight years, Democrats have warned that Mr. Trump’s political ambitions have fueled some of the nation’s deepest divides. But in his third presidential bid, those worries have metastasized into fear that another term for Mr. Trump would threaten the founding principles of the Republic. As the campaign comes to a close, a series of people who know him well, including top military leaders and high-ranking former officials from his administration, have warned that Mr. Trump, who has sought to project his victory as all but assured, would rule as a dictator if given the chance.
Republicans say such concerns are overblown. But Vice President Kamala Harris has intensified her own alarms about Mr. Trump, switching the joyful tenor of the early days of her campaign to stark warnings that he would govern as an authoritarian and curtail what she casts as core American freedoms — like a woman’s right to terminate a life-threatening pregnancy. There are also hints that Mr. Trump’s dark promises are affecting the political choices of business leaders and media outlets owned by them.
For Mr. Trump, the personal stakes go beyond the outcome of what polls indicate is a dead heat. The former president is running not only for the White House but also to remain a free man. Should he lose, he may very well face jail time.
It has left voters facing a bleak choice over the country’s democracy — one that has never before been litigated in an American presidential election.
In a post on his social media site on Friday, Mr. Trump wrote that those who “cheated” in the election would face “long-term prison sentences” and would “be sought out, caught, and prosecuted at levels, unfortunately, never seen before in our Country.” The phrasing was almost exactly the same as a post from September. But less than two weeks before Election Day, his words carry new resonance.
Mr. Trump has insisted he means what he says, even when some of his allies try to downplay his remarks. This month, he threatened to use military force against liberal politicians and activists and declared them “the enemy within,” alarming experts on democracy. Mr. Trump used similar language on Friday in his three-hour interview with Mr. Rogan, who has 14.5 million followers on Spotify and 17.6 million on YouTube, many of them young men that the Republican campaign hopes to turn out.
When pressed on those remarks in a friendly Fox News interview, Mr. Trump insisted that they were “accurate” and singled out two prominent California Democrats, Representative Adam Schiff and former House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, as examples of whom he deems the enemy. He repeated the phrase again during his interview with Mr. Rogan, when he said the “enemy within” posed a bigger threat to the nation than the North Korean leader Kim Jong-un.
And on Sunday, he is scheduled to host a rally at Madison Square Garden, drawing a comparison from prominent Democrats, including Hillary Clinton, to the “Pro America Rally” in support of Adolf Hitler that occurred there in 1939. Democrats and even some Republicans have attacked Mr. Trump for reportedly praising Hitler, the Nazi leader responsible for the systematic murder of six million Jews and millions of others, as having done “some good things.”
“She said it’s just like the 1930s,” Mr. Trump said at a rally in northern Michigan on Friday night, referring to Mrs. Clinton’s comments. “No, it’s not. This is called ‘Make America Great Again.’”
Adding to the dark tone was a suggestion by one of Mr. Trump’s political allies that the Republican-controlled Legislature in North Carolina consider allocating that state’s electors to the former president before votes are even counted because of the effects of Hurricane Helene.
Representative Andy Harris, Republican of Maryland, later walked back his comments, saying that the “theoretical conversation has been taken out of context.”
Mr. Trump’s promises to punish his political opponents for electoral malfeasance are based on his continued allegations that the 2020 election was stolen from him — charges that have been repeatedly investigated and found to be false.
During a town hall-style appearance on CNN on Wednesday, Ms. Harris suggested Mr. Trump would be “a president of the United States who admires dictators and is a fascist.” She said comments made by his former chief of staff John Kelly, in which he said Mr. Trump met the definition of a fascist and would govern like a dictator if allowed, amounted to a “911 call to the American people.”
A parade of top party surrogates homed in on that message as they flooded battleground states this week.
Speaking at a rally in Charlotte, N.C., on Friday, former President Barack Obama warned that Mr. Trump would not have aides in place to stop any extralegal plans in a second administration — “serious leaders,” Mr. Obama said, like Mark Milley, the former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff who has also issued warnings about the former president, and Mr. Kelly.
“We do not need four years of a wannabe king running around trying to punish his enemies,” Mr. Obama said.
Those raising alarms about Mr. Trump include a notable number of Republicans now backing Ms. Harris. Liz Cheney, the former representative from Wyoming, suggested Mr. Trump could bring about the unraveling of American democracy.
“As Americans, we can become accustomed to thinking, ‘Well, we don’t have to worry about that here,’” Ms. Cheney said in the Philadelphia suburbs on Monday. “But I tell you, again, as someone who has seen firsthand how quickly it can happen, that is what’s on the ballot.”
Shawn Reilly, the Republican mayor of Waukesha, Wis., also endorsed Ms. Harris and told The New York Times that electing Mr. Trump could lead the country “down a road of authoritarianism and fascism.”
Republicans and former administration officials who have publicly opposed Mr. Trump also say they take his recent comments seriously. Many worry for their physical security and about the prospect of prosecutions. Some have even looked into ways to leave the country if he should win the election.
“My family and I have had conversations about what this means for our safety,” said Olivia Troye, who was Vice President Mike Pence’s homeland security adviser before becoming a prominent surrogate for the Harris campaign. “Trump’s rhetoric and his words do lead to real-world consequences.”
Whatever the actions Mr. Trump may ultimately take against those he considers foes if elected, it is clear that the former president closely tracks and remembers both vocal supporters and critics. During his presidency, he called for investigations of his perceived foes, and he frequently got them. He often singles people out by name on social media and at his rallies, an instinct reminiscent of a 19th-century political boss who describes those who are with him and those who are not. And he makes it plain when someone, or something, gets under his skin, shaping his behavior toward them.
In Austin, Texas, on Friday, Mr. Trump slammed The Atlantic, which first reported the claim about his desire for generals like Hitler had, and went out of his way to note that the magazine was “run by a guy named Goldberg” — a direct attack on the magazine’s editor, Jeffrey Goldberg, that appeared to be an antisemitic dog whistle.
“These are evil people, they’re a threat to democracy,” he said later, after referring again to Mr. Goldberg.
There are signs that Mr. Trump’s statements may be having a chilling effect beyond the campaign trail on business leaders and media outlets owned by them.
Both The Washington Post and The Los Angeles Times announced they would not make an endorsement in the presidential contest, breaking with years of practice. Their decisions prompted speculation that the billionaire owners of the publications were trying to curry favor with Mr. Trump.
And Jamie Dimon, the chief executive of JPMorgan who is typically outspoken about his political views, has kept his backing of Ms. Harris private, fearing that Mr. Trump could retaliate against companies and people who oppose his bid, according to people familiar with his thinking.
While Mr. Trump has never denied menacing his political enemies, he has denied making any positive comments about Hitler. Instead, he has deployed his well-worn playbook of meeting his opponents’ accusations with those of his own.
On Wednesday, Ms. Harris addressed reporters at her residence, where she invoked the claim that Mr. Trump had said he wanted generals like Hitler had while Mr. Trump was president.
“It is deeply troubling and incredibly dangerous that Donald Trump would invoke Adolf Hitler, the man who is responsible for the deaths of six million Jews and hundreds of thousands of Americans,” Ms. Harris said.
Mr. Trump then accused Ms. Harris of comparing him directly to Hitler, which she had not, and his campaign released a roughly 90-second video featuring a Holocaust survivor demanding an apology from Harris.
“She owes my parents and everyone else who was murdered by Hitler an apology,” the 94-year-old survivor, Jerry Wartski, said in the ad.
The dark tone extended even into a rally hosted by the Harris campaign in Houston on Friday, where 30,000 people cheered for the country music star Willie Nelson and Beyoncé, the global phenom.
Traditionally, such megawatt appearances are used to set a celebratory tone for a campaign and energize its supporters. But this year, the darker fears of Democrats coursed from the stage through the stadium.
“I know a lot of people are here because of Beyoncé,” said Wayne Ashley, 42, as he waited in an hourslong line to enter the stadium. “I’m here because I don’t support authoritarianism.”
Rallygoers heard the singer Kelly Rowland condemn the misogyny and racism she said she has seen festering in America, and they listened to wrenching stories of women who faced harrowing health problems as a result of the conservative state’s abortion ban.
In speech after speech, they cast the election as a matter of life and death for millions of women living in conservative states where abortion is restricted or banned.
Amanda Zurawski, who almost died after being denied a timely miscarriage, recounted developing a life-threatening infection after doctors waited to remove her nonviable fetus.
“It was in that dark and lonely hospital room that I realized I was actually lucky,” Ms. Zurkawski told the packed arena. “I lived. Others have not.”
J. David Goodman reported from Houston and Neil Vigdor reported from Traverse City, Mich.
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